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| Ethylene | LUMO (Lowest-Energy Unoccupied Pi Orbital) |  |
| Ethylene | HOMO (Highest-energy Occupied Pi Orbital) |  |
| Methyl Acetate |
LUMO Lowest-energy unoccupied Pi molecular orbital in aliphatic esters is mainly localized to the carbonyl carbon: this is the electrophilic center that accepts electrons from a nucleophile. |
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| Methyl Acetate |
HOMO Highest occupied Pi molecular orbital in methyl acetate is mainly localized on the carbonyl oxygen and carbonyl carbon. Notice the lack of overlap with the ester oxygen. |
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| Enolate |
HOMO Highest occupied Pi molecular orbital in enolates is delocalized between the carbonyl oxygen and α carbon. Both sites can act as bases but the carbon center is a better nucleophile and most interesting chemistry involves formation of bonds via α carbon. |
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| Methoxy Butadiene | Electrostatic Potential Mapped onto Electron Density. |  |
| Anisole |
HOMO Highest occupied Pi molecular orbital in anisole. |
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| Anisole | Electrostatic Potential Mapped onto Electron Density. |  |
| Aniline | Electrostatic Potential Mapped onto Electron Density. |  |
| Nitrobenzene | HOMO |  |
| Nitrobenzene | Electrostatic Potential Mapped onto Electron Density. |  |
| Fluorobenzene | Electrostatic Potential Mapped onto Electron Density. |  |
| Chlorobenzene | Electrostatic Potential Mapped onto Electron Density. |  |